Skip to simulation

Science · Heat and energy

Friction and Heating

Rub the top book across the bottom book and watch the atoms heat up and break away.

P Physics

F

Choose what to explore

Start with a mode

Each mode focuses on a different relationship between force and motion.

See what happens

Rubbing two surfaces

Rub the top book and watch the atoms and thermometer.

Rub to heat

Drag the top book left and right, or press it and use the arrow keys.

State Books touching

Observation Rubbing the books together makes the atoms vibrate more — this is heat.

Rub and observe

Controls

Temperature (atom vibration) Cool

Atoms broken away 0 / 91

Rub the top book

Rubbing only heats the books while they are touching. When the atoms vibrate hard enough, they break away from the top book.

F Friction and Heating

Simulation menu

Simulation tools

Keyboard help

Use Tab to move between controls. Tab to the scene, then use the keys below to rub the books.

TabShift + Tab

Move to the next or previous control.

EnterSpace

Press a focused button.

←→

With the scene focused, rub the top book left or right (heats when touching).

↑↓

With the scene focused, lift the books apart or bring them back into contact.

R

Reset the simulation.

Esc

Close a menu or dialog, or leave full screen.

Pandai Simulation

Friction and Heating

Version 0.5.1

A Pandai science simulation about how rubbing surfaces together produces heat at the atomic level.

Rub the top book against the bottom book to warm it up. Atoms vibrate more as they heat, and break away when the vibration becomes strong enough.

Rub the top book against the bottom book to make the atoms heat up.

Simulation support

Report an Issue

Tell us what went wrong so the simulation can be improved.

Issue Type *

Simulation not working

Incorrect behaviour/result

UI/display problem

Difficult to use

Other

Please select an issue type.

Describe the problem *

Please describe the problem.

Screenshot (optional) Coming soon

Screenshot attachment is not available in V1.